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Sep. 15th, 2011
А внутри ЧД - матрешки!
Sep. 15th, 2011 02:45 pmFrom discovermagazine.com
...
A charged black hole actually has a secondary boundary - an inner horizon - inside the main event horizon that defines the hole’s outer limit. Physics legend Roger Penrose had been the first person to show that something bizarre must happen at that inner horizon, because all the matter and energy falling into a black hole piles up there.
BLACK HOLE MAGIC
The inner horizon, Hamilton discovered, may be the most energetic and violently unstable place in the universe. Building on the groundbreaking work of physicists Eric Poisson of the University of Guelph in Ontario and Werner Israel of the University of Victoria in British Columbia, he describes the conditions at the inner horizon as an “inflationary instability.” It is inflationary because everything - mass, energy, pressure - keeps growing exponentially. And it is unstable because, according to Hamilton’s calculations, the surface - the inner horizon - cannot sustain itself and must ultimately collapse.
When a particle falls into a black hole and approaches the inner horizon, he found, it is diverted into one of two narrowly focused, laserlike beams. If the particle enters in the direction opposite that of the black hole’s rotation, it will join an “ingoing beam” that has positive energy and moves forward in time. But here is the real brainteaser: If the particle enters in the same direction as the black hole’s spin, it joins an “outgoing beam” that has negative energy and moves backward in time.
Hamilton discovered that the inner horizon acts as an astonishingly powerful particle accelerator, shooting the ingoing and outgoing beams past each other at nearly the speed of light.
A person moving with the outgoing beam (if such a thing were possible) would think he was moving away from the black hole when he was, from an outsider’s perspective, actually being pulled toward its center—the same place that someone traveling with the ingoing beam would inevitably go. Even though both parties are moving toward the center, Hamilton realized, the extreme curvature of space-time would cause them to feel like they were falling in different directions.
This particle accelerator has another peculiar attribute: Once started, it never stops. The faster the streams move, the more energy there is; the more energy there is, the more gravity there is, and the faster the particles accelerate. “If general relativity is correct, this machine is there and can accelerate particles to enormous energies, reaching—and even exceeding—the Big Bang. So what does nature do with all this energy? Does it all go to waste?”
( а вот куда )
...
A charged black hole actually has a secondary boundary - an inner horizon - inside the main event horizon that defines the hole’s outer limit. Physics legend Roger Penrose had been the first person to show that something bizarre must happen at that inner horizon, because all the matter and energy falling into a black hole piles up there.
BLACK HOLE MAGIC
The inner horizon, Hamilton discovered, may be the most energetic and violently unstable place in the universe. Building on the groundbreaking work of physicists Eric Poisson of the University of Guelph in Ontario and Werner Israel of the University of Victoria in British Columbia, he describes the conditions at the inner horizon as an “inflationary instability.” It is inflationary because everything - mass, energy, pressure - keeps growing exponentially. And it is unstable because, according to Hamilton’s calculations, the surface - the inner horizon - cannot sustain itself and must ultimately collapse.
When a particle falls into a black hole and approaches the inner horizon, he found, it is diverted into one of two narrowly focused, laserlike beams. If the particle enters in the direction opposite that of the black hole’s rotation, it will join an “ingoing beam” that has positive energy and moves forward in time. But here is the real brainteaser: If the particle enters in the same direction as the black hole’s spin, it joins an “outgoing beam” that has negative energy and moves backward in time.
Hamilton discovered that the inner horizon acts as an astonishingly powerful particle accelerator, shooting the ingoing and outgoing beams past each other at nearly the speed of light.
A person moving with the outgoing beam (if such a thing were possible) would think he was moving away from the black hole when he was, from an outsider’s perspective, actually being pulled toward its center—the same place that someone traveling with the ingoing beam would inevitably go. Even though both parties are moving toward the center, Hamilton realized, the extreme curvature of space-time would cause them to feel like they were falling in different directions.
This particle accelerator has another peculiar attribute: Once started, it never stops. The faster the streams move, the more energy there is; the more energy there is, the more gravity there is, and the faster the particles accelerate. “If general relativity is correct, this machine is there and can accelerate particles to enormous energies, reaching—and even exceeding—the Big Bang. So what does nature do with all this energy? Does it all go to waste?”
( а вот куда )